摘要
人工鱼礁和海藻养殖浮筏（简称浮筏）是海洋牧场创造栖息地的两种主要设施。为了解人工鱼礁、浮筏及人工鱼礁与浮筏组合（简称“鱼礁+筏”）对海洋环境的影响，对旅顺海湾海洋牧场2021-2022年海洋环境进行了调查，对溶解无机氮（DIN）、溶解无机磷（DIP）、溶解氧（DO）、化学需氧量（COD）、石油类、悬浮固体和重金属（包括Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As）等指标的动态变化及依据海水水质标准确定指标的模糊隶属函数，利用层次分析法确定指标权重，计算3种人工生境的模糊综合评价值。结果表明：2021年9月、2022年3月、2022年11月海水水质指标全部符合《一级海水水质标准》（GB3097-1997），适合海洋渔业水域；2022年4月，旅顺塔河湾海域除1个站位悬浮物达到《三级海水水质标准》（GB3097-1997）外，其余各站位水质调查指标均符合《二级海水水质标准》（GB3097-1997），适合海水养殖水域。2021年人工鱼礁、浮筏、礁+筏对人类生存环境质量影响程度：人工鱼礁=礁+筏>浮筏；对海洋生物栖息地影响程度：礁+筏>人工鱼礁>浮筏；2022年人工鱼礁、浮筏、礁+筏对人类生存环境质量影响程度：礁+筏>浮筏>人工鱼礁；对海洋生物栖息地影响程度：礁+筏>人工鱼礁>浮筏。
关键词： 海洋牧场；人工栖息地；影响；水质环境
Abstract
Artificial reefs and Seaweed enhancement floating rafts (abbreviated as floating rafts) are two main facilities for habitat creation in marine ranching. To understand the effects of artificial reefs, floating rafts, and artificial reef and floating raft combination (referred to as reef + raft) on the marine environment, a survey of the marine environment of The Bay Marine Ranch in Lvshun was conducted from 2021 to 2022, and Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN), Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus (DIP), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), petroleum, Suspended solids and Heavy metals (including Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, As), etc. The dynamic changes of the indicators and the fuzzy membership function of the indicators were determined according to the seawater quality standards, the indicator weights were determined by using the analytic hierarchy process, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation values of the three artificial habitats were calculated. The results show that all seawater quality indicators in September 2021, March 2022 and November 2022 meet the Class I Seawater Quality Standard (GB3097—1997) and are suitable for marine fishing waters. In April 2022, the survey indicators of the waters of Tahe Bay in Lvshun were all in line with Class II Seawater Quality Standard (GB3097—1997), except one station where the suspended matter was of Class III Seawater Quality Standard (GB3097—1997), which was suitable for mariculture waters. In 2021, artificial reefs, floating rafts, reef+raft on the quality of the human living environment: artificial reefs =reef +raft > floating rafts; the degree of impact on the marine biological habitat: reef + raft >artificial reefs > floating rafts; the degree of influence of artificial reefs, floating rafts, reef + raft on human living environment quality in 2022: reef+raft >floating rafts>artificial reefs; the degree of influence on the habitat of marine organisms: reef+raft >artificial reefs> floating rafts.
Key words： Marine Ranching; Artificial Habitats; Impacts; Water Quality Environment
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